A new microsedimentological conceptual framework of subglacial till formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Shear deformation is ubiquitous in most subglacial tills formed by traction conditions under basal ice. Microstructures identified in till confirm the existence of such basal conditions under continental and marine ice sheets, ice streams, and alpine glaciers. Thin sections of subglacial tills can be categorized within a new derivation, advection, emplacement (DAE) conceptual framework that assigns microstructures in a recurring spatio-temporal context. The formation and persistence of microstructures, and their degradation due to deformation and/or elimination, can be employed to place these evolving microstructures within complex deformation phases. Microstructures are discussed in the framework of the DAE schema and categorized in a newly formatted table of microstructures and microfabrics that extends our understanding of subglacial till sedimentology. This paper demonstrates where and how subglacial sedimentary microstructures form in active subglacial deformation. The formation of tills not only remains an important issue in understanding the Earth’s paleoenvironmental history but also is of considerable practical application, for example, in soil engineering, drift exploration, and glacial geology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".