Amplifying post-stimulation oscillatory dynamics by engaging synaptic plasticity with transcranial alternating current stimulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Periodic brain stimulation (PBS) techniques, either intracranial or non-invasive, electrical or magnetic, represent promising neuromodulatory tools for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Through the modulation of endogenous oscillations, PBS may engage synaptic plasticity, hopefully leading to persistent lasting effects. However, stabilizing such effects represents an important challenge: the interaction between induced electromagnetic fields and neural circuits may yield highly variable responses due to heterogeneous neuronal and synaptic biophysical properties, limiting PBS clinical potential. Methods: In this study, we explored the conditions on which transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as a common type of non-invasive PBS leads to amplified post-stimulation oscillatory power, persisting once stimulation has been turned off. We specifically examined the effects of heterogeneity in neuron time scales on post-stimulation dynamics in a population of balanced Leaky-Integrate and Fire (LIF) neurons that exhibit synchronous-irregular spiking activity. Results: Our analysis reveals that such heterogeneity enables tACS to engage synaptic plasticity, amplifying post-stimulation power. Our results show that such post-stimulation aftereffects result from selective frequency- and cell-type-specific synaptic modifications. We evaluated the relative importance of stimulation-induced plasticity amongst and between excitatory and inhibitory populations. Discussion: Our results indicate that heterogeneity in neurons' time scales and synaptic plasticity are both essential for stimulation to support post-stimulation aftereffects, notably to amplify the power of endogenous rhythms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it