Mutagenesis and production of double-flowered gentians via regeneration from ion beam-irradiated leaves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gentians are important ornamental plants, and gentian cultivars have been actively bred for decades. However, limited genetic resources are currently available for breeding; therefore, artificial mutagenesis has been applied to generate mutants. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient regeneration-mediated method for ion beam mutagenesis in the Japanese gentian hybrid cultivar ‘Albireo’ (Gentiana scabra × G. triflora). Carbon and neon ion species were tested. Effect of ion beam irradiation on callus formation from leaves was initially evaluated. Tissue culture was then continued, adventitious shoots were induced from calli, and many regenerated plants were obtained. These plants were cultivated until flowering, and two cultivated lines exhibiting a double-flowered phenotype were identified from leaves exposed to 9 and 12 Gy of neon ion beam irradiation among approximately 200 individuals. We analyzed one line derived from irradiation with 9 Gy of neon ions, named Ne9Gy#34, in detail. The agamous gene (AG1), previously identified as the gene responsible for the double-flower phenotype in gentians, was not amplified in the G. scabra allele by genomic polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, next-generation sequencing also indicated that the reads were mapped to the genomic region of the G. triflora AG1 but not to that of G. scabra, suggesting that the deletion of G. scabra AG1 led to the double-flowered phenotype. Ne9Gy#34 also exhibited increased flower size, suggesting additional mutations in genes other than AG1. In summary, the developed regeneration-mediated method represents a promising approach for inducing gentian mutagenesis and efficiently producing novel traits in this plant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".