Impacts of grey seal ( <i>Halichoerus grypus</i> ) on the plant cover of coastal sand dune ecosystem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through their various activities, pinnipeds alter the dynamics of plant communities in coastal ecosystems. Thus, the use of coastal environments as winter breeding grounds by grey seals, in response to the disappearance of sea ice, represents a potential threat to the ecological integrity of terrestrial dune ecosystems bordering the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Eastern Canada. In this study, we characterize the impact of grey seals on the dune ecosystem of the Île-Brion ecological reserve by comparing vegetation cover (density and biomass) and the physicochemical properties of substrates and leaf tissues of Calamagrostis breviligulata between sites occupied by the seal colony and control sites. Our results indicate that the grey seal colony plays a role in the transfer of allochthonous nutrients from the marine environment to coastal dune ecosystems through the release of various organic residues. This increased nutrient availability enhances the productivity of C. breviligulata, as indicated by significantly higher density and aboveground biomass on the sites occupied by the colony. However, species richness does not seem to be affected by the presence of grey seals. Thus, the benefits of daily fertilization appear to outweigh the mechanical damage and soil compaction occurring during winter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".