Acute stress response dysfunction in problem gambling (PG) and relationships with features of addiction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals with problem gambling (PG) report high stress which contributes to the onset and maintenance of gambling problems. However, few studies examine acute physiological and subjective stress responses and draw comparisons to features of addiction, such as heightened gambling urges and impulsivity. The purpose of this study is to examine the acute stress response through multiple physiological biomarkers, self-reported mood, and gambling urges in those with PG (n = 21) relative to healthy controls (HCs; n = 21). Furthermore, we test the relationship between impulsivity and acute stress processing within groups. Salivary cortisol (sC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) were collected, and participants completed self-report assessments of mood disturbances and gambling urges at baseline and three times following acute psychosocial stress exposure. Results revealed consistently elevated mood disturbances, while reactive sC concentrations appeared blunted in PG. Conversely, sAA responded to stress similarly between groups. Interactions between markers were identified within PG and HC groups during stress reactivity, but were enhanced in PG participants during stress recovery. While gambling urges did not increase in response to acute stress in PG, they were associated with trait impulsivity. Overall, our study demonstrates chronic stress effects in PG through acute physiological dysregulation and elevated subjective negative mood. PG participants report a high desire to gamble, but state changes in gambling urges are unaffected by acute stress exposure. Additionally, trait-level impulsivity is associated with state features of PG, potentially contributing to gambling maintenance. This study addresses our limited understanding of stress processing in PG and has implications for neurobiological processes underlying its effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".