Cognitive impairment and other neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with primary vasculitis: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder causing blood vessel inflammation, potentially affecting the central nervous system. This review explores neuropsychiatric manifestations with a focus on cognitive impairment in patients with vasculitis. METHODS: , 2023, for studies of primary vasculitis reporting on cognitive impairment. Case reports, reviews, and case series with <5 patients were excluded. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: From the 4,249 identified studies, 43 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1,216 cases of PCNSV, 481 of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), 151 of giant cell arteritis (GCA), 28 of Takayasu arteritis (TAK), 22 of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 32 of Behçet's disease (BD), and 54 of other vasculitis types. Patients' ages ranged from 7.1-75.6 years and 11-100 % were female. Most studies were single-center retrospective studies of good or fair quality. Cognitive impairment was noted in 275/750 (11-62 %) of adult-onset PCNSV, 126/433 (10-54 %) of childhood-onset PCNSV, 62/157 (12-61 %) of AAV, 4/12 (20-43 %) of GCA, and 261/486 (20-67 %) of other vasculitis cases. Standardized neuropsychological testing was done in 12/43 (28 %) of studies. A minority of studies investigated factors associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations or response to treatment. These studies reported associations with MRI abnormalities and with worse prognosis and/or higher disease activity. Most patients were reported to improve after immunosuppressive therapy but have residual neuropsychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment and other neuropsychiatric manifestations are commonly reported in vasculitis, highlighting the need for routine neuropsychological assessments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".