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Record W4412986282 · doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3591933

SC <sup>3</sup> -MDRA: A New Approach to Coordinating Bi-Level Age of Information in AAV-Enabled 6G Integrated Networks

2025· article· en· W4412986282 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Networking · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicAge of Information Optimization
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
FundersFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNatural Science Foundation of Hebei ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsChemistryPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

6G confronts a paradigm shift towards integrated sensing, caching, computation and communication (SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>) networks, designed to render comprehensive information services and support diversified applications, in which Age of information (AoI) serves as a pivotal metric for evaluating the data freshness during the end-to-end information service procedure. However, existing works mainly focus on single-level AoI modeling, which fails to maintain fresh information in heterogeneous network infrastructure including autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) and ground access points (APs). Therefore, in this paper, we propose a AAV-enabled integrated SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> network model with bi-level AoI concept, where a AAV exploits common signals to collect sensory information from targets whilst updating the cached items of APs. Thereafter, we formulate a long-term optimization problem to coordinate bi-level AoI by jointly scheduling target sensing and caching updates, together with AAV trajectory and beamforming design. To tackle this intractable problem, we develop a deep reinforcement learning-based solution named SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> multi-domain resource allocation (SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>-MDRA). This algorithm innovatively incorporates hindsight experience replay and sharpness-aware minimization to overcome sparse reward as well as enhance policy adaptivity, thereby making immediate decisions in response to dynamic AoI status. Additionally, SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>-MDRA allocates computation and bandwidth resources of APs for effectively delivering information to requesting users. Experimental results reveal that the proposed SC<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>-MDRA outperforms baseline methods in terms of both learning convergence and system overall performance. Besides, the tradeoff between information freshness and AAV energy consumption is delineated.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.807
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.004
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.002
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.234
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it