Northern cod (<scp><i>Gadus morhua</i></scp>) movement: insights from acoustic telemetry and genomics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge of the timing and diversity of fish movements within a commercially exploited stock complex is required to ensure the sustainability of fisheries. Although migration can be driven by environmental factors, genomic mechanisms also play an important role in this complex life-history trait. The northern cod (Gadus morhua) stock complex, off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, once supported the largest fishery in the world. Like other Atlantic cod stocks, northern cod is believed to include components with diverse migratory patterns. Here we used telemetry to track the movement of 847 acoustically tagged northern cod caught and released from inshore and offshore sites. Four different migratory phenotypes were distinguished: (i) cod that moved along the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Divisions 2J3KL (3P4RS), (ii) cod that remained year-round mainly north of the Notre Dame Channel (NAFO Divisions 2J and north of 3K), (iii) cod that remained year-round mainly south of the Notre Dame Channel (NAFO Divisions south of 3K and 3L) and (iv) cod that remained year-round inshore. Whole-genome sequences of 77 tagged cod showed no relation between chromosomal inversions and the four migratory phenotypes described here but revealed genomic regions encoding for hormone receptors that show differentiation between cod detected north versus south of the Notre Dame Channel during the peak spawning season. This study demonstrates the synergistic value of an interdisciplinary approach that combines genomic with acoustic telemetry data along with life-history information (i.e., spawning time) to elucidate the complex spatial-temporal dynamics of a widespread marine species under exploitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".