Isofloridoside: a novel inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and glucosyltransferase activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Isofloridoside, a galactose-containing heteroside derived from marine red algae, has potential applications as a sweetener because it can activate the sweetness receptors T1R2/T1R3. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isofloridoside on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans, to evaluate its potential as a caries-preventing agent. RESULTS: The results showed that S. mutans did not grow when isofloridoside was the sole carbon source. Isofloridoside inhibited sucrose-dependent biofilm formation by S. mutans in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to galactose and glucose, but unlike melibiose and galactose-containing disaccharides. Biofilm inhibition induced by isofloridoside was associated with inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity. Isofloridoside exhibited biofilm inhibition comparable to xylitol, an alternative sugar known to inhibit biofilm formation. The differential effects of isofloridoside and melibiose on biofilm formation may result from the structural differences that affect their interactions with S. mutans enzymes. These findings highlight the potential of galactose and its polysaccharides as regulators of S. mutans biofilm formation, and suggest that isofloridoside is a promising alternative sweetener for caries prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".