Integrated transcriptomic and physio-molecular analysis reveals the mechanism of Bacillus subtilis TP01-mediated cadmium detoxification in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination adversely impacts both the productivity and quality of numerous crops, including cereals, fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Medicinal plants, in particular, produce valuable metabolites with substantial economic, medicinal, and nutritional importance. However, Cd stress not only suppresses their growth and bioactive metabolite production but also leads to significant Cd accumulation in harvested tissues, posing both economic threats and potential health hazards. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), especially Bacillus spp., have been extensively employed to alleviate Cd toxicity in various crops. However, compared to conventional cash crops, the roles of Bacillus spp.-mediated Cd detoxification in medicinal plants remain less clearly defined. In this study, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., a medicinal species frequently exposed to severe Cd contamination during cultivation, was selected as a model plant. We identified a Cd-resistant PGPB strain, Bacillus subtilis TP01, and elucidated its protective effects and mechanisms against Cd stress in L. chuanxiong . Pot experiments and field trials demonstrated that B. subtilis TP01 effectively alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition, restored the production of bioactive ingredients, and decreased Cd accumulation within plant tissues. Transcriptomic and molecular analyses revealed that B. subtilis TP01 triggered systemic jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. Moreover, exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, a JA derivative, largely mimicked the protective effects observed with B. subtilis TP01 inoculation, highlighting JA signaling as the central regulatory mechanism. Further investigations indicated that B. subtilis TP01-mediated JA signaling enhanced antioxidant responses and modulated Cd transporter gene expression, thereby mitigating Cd-induced oxidative stress and reducing Cd uptake. These findings elucidate a novel phytohormone-dependent microbial-plant interaction mechanism, illustrating how PGPB coordinate plant development and stress responses. This study proposes a safe, efficient, and economical approach for managing Cd contamination in medicinal plants and provides theoretical support for their sustainable cultivation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".