Dynamics of Bronnikov-Ellis wormhole with double-null simulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We investigate the dynamical collapse of Bronnikov-Ellis (BE) wormhole using the double-null formalism, where its throat is characterized by the coincidence of two curves r ,u = 0 and r ,v = 0. The emission of two ingoing pulses: normal scalar and phantom fields in the wormhole spacetime reveals two distinct instability scenarios: a normal scalar field triggers gravitational collapse into a black hole where the singularity r = 0 hidden by the event horizon (r ,u = 0 and r ,v = 0); while a phantom field drives inflationary expansion of wormhole, decoupling two asymptotic regions with the cosmological horizon (r ,u = 0 and r ,v = 0). The process of two scenarios can be accelerated by increasing the amplitude of pulses but can be delayed by increasing the wormhole's mass. Additionally, the collisions of two identical pulses from ingoing and outgoing null directions in the massless BE wormhole fail to cure the instabilities because the two scenarios can still occur, but the formation of a black hole can be delayed for the collision of normal and phantom fields. Interestingly, the strategic tuning of emission timing for outgoing phantom field to collide with ingoing normal scalar field can temporarily stabilize the wormhole throat by restoring the coincidence of r ,u and r ,v again after their separation. This offers us valuable insights into extending the lifetime of a traversable wormhole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".