Technology‐Enabled Exercise “Snacks” Are Feasible to Perform in a Real‐World Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This randomized controlled trial investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a 12‐week remotely delivered exercise snacks intervention in the real world. Inactive adults ( n = 77; 56 females, 21 males; mean age ± SD: 54 ± 6 years, mean VO 2peak ± SD: 24.5 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min) were randomized to an exercise snacks ( n = 38; bodyweight exercises) or a placebo exercise control group ( n = 39; stretching exercises). Participants were encouraged to perform ≥ 3 exercise bouts/day (bouts were ≤ 1 min), ≥ 3 days/week delivered through an online platform. Feasibility outcomes included exercise adherence and enjoyment. The primary efficacy outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) at baseline and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included rating of perceived exertion (RPE; 0–10 scale), exercise enjoyment scale (EES; 0–7), and blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Seventy‐three participants completed the intervention and 71 completed at least one follow‐up testing measure. Adherence, based on total bouts from the online platform, exceeded the prescribed minimum and was not different between the exercise snacks (173 ± 74) and control (158 ± 92) groups ( p = 0.37). RPE across the intervention was higher in the exercise snacks compared to the control group (3.0 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6, respectively; p < 0.001) with high enjoyment (both groups averaging ~4.2 ± 0.9; p > 0.05). There were no between‐group differences in the change in absolute (mean difference: 0.0 [95% CI: −0.1, 0.1] L/min) or relative (0.4 [−0.6, 1.4] mL/kg/min) VO 2peak ( p > 0.05). There were no differences in blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic health ( p > 0.05). Twelve weeks of remotely delivered exercise snacks were feasible for inactive adults to complete in the real world. Future work may need to optimize the exercise snacks stimulus to elicit physiological changes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05574426
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".