Affective disorders accompanied by cognitive disorders in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases: a clinical and pathopsychological study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The multimorbidity of affective, cognitive, and cardiovascular diseases is an urgent issue of the contemporary medicine due to their severity, resistance to therapy, social maladjustment, and low quality of life. Common pathogenetic mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction and disorders of the frontal and subcortical connections, enhance these conditions, increasing the risks of dementia and mortality. AIM: To study the clinical and psychopathological structure of affective disorders and comorbid cognitive disorders in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases in various age groups. METHODS: An observational, single-center study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at the University Clinic of the Russian University of Medicine. The study involved 121 patients with cardiovascular diseases and non-psychotic mental disorders, including 47 (38.8%) with comorbid affective and cognitive disorders. The patients were divided into three age groups, 45–59, 60–74, and 75–90 years. Clinical psychopathological and psychometric (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and neuropsychological methods (clock drawing test, Luria’s method) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. RESULTS: In 85.1% of patients, we detected organic emotional disorders, mainly with alarming symptoms. Significant differences in the clinical structure of affective disorders between the groups indicate age-related differences (p = 0.045). Cognitive disorders (visual and constructional praxis, attention, memory, abstract thinking) are associated with vascular changes and dysfunction of the frontal lobes. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were in the range of 18–27; the average score in the 45–59 group (24.9 ± 0.3) was higher compared to the 60–74 (23.5 ± 0.2; p 0.05) and 75–90 groups (23.4 ± 0.3; p 0.05). Moderate cognitive disorders were detected in 55.3% of cases, severe cognitive disorders were detected in 19.2% of cases, and 25.5% of cases were within the normal range. Subjective cognitive complaints related to the risk of dementia were not confirmed by tests in 27.6% of cases. Attention and abstract thinking disorders increased with age (p 0.05); whereas speech disorders showed no significant differences (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach to multimorbid conditions and a qualitative analysis of the psychopathological and pathopsychological structure of affective and cognitive disorders in cardiovascular cases. The limitation is the small sample size, requiring further research on a larger sample of patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".