Goal-Striving Stress and Bodily Pain among Working-Age Black and White Americans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study tests novel research questions regarding Black-White disparities in bodily pain and goal-striving stress (GSS). A largely overlooked chronic stressor, GSS measures the psychosocial strains of blocked opportunity and dashed aspirations. We address our research questions among a socioeconomically diverse sample of Black and White working-age adults from Nashville, Tennessee (2011-2014; n = 1,252). We find that White adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) report the highest levels of GSS and pain, relative to their Black and high-SES White peers. Moreover, GSS predicts higher pain levels only among low-SES White adults. These patterns hold regardless of other sociodemographic characteristics, occupational hazards, chronic illnesses, stressful life events, and experiences with discrimination. Our findings have critical implications for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers concerned with rising rates of pain and opioid abuse among midlife adults in the United States. We discuss these implications and outline several avenues for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".