Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults hospitalised in England during 2023/24
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the incidence, presentation and clinical outcomes of RSV-associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) in older adults using a new national Hospital-based ARI Sentinel Surveillance (HARISS) system in England, prior to RSV vaccine introduction. METHODS: Adults aged ≥65 years from seven hospitals admitted for ≥24 hours with symptomatic ARI were included. We estimated the hospitalisation rate of RSV-associated ARI compared to influenza-associated ARI and assessed clinical outcomes using Poisson regression and mortality using Cox regression. RESULTS: This study included 2743 adults. During winter 2023/4 the hospitalisation rate for RSV-associated ARI was 58.3 per 100,000, compared to 114.6 per 100,000 for influenza-associated ARI. Hospitalisations increased with age. Exacerbation of chronic illness (lung disease, heart disease, frailty) was a common admission reason in RSV-associated ARI, with a combined incidence of 33.1 per 100,000. Most adults with RSV-associated ARI had at least one comorbidity (81%); a high proportion with immunosuppression (26%). Symptoms and clinical outcomes including mortality were similar between RSV- and influenza-associated ARI; 30-day mortality 10.6% vs 8.7% (adjusted hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.2). CONCLUSIONS: In England, RSV infection is a common cause of hospitalisation in older adults. Symptoms and clinical outcomes, including mortality, are comparable to influenza.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".