Model of <i>in-situ</i> focusing of extreme ultraviolet high-order harmonics from a nanostructured MgO surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present a numerical model for the in-situ generation and focusing of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) high harmonics via a Fresnel zone plate etched into a dielectric (MgO) surface. Our simulations show that propagation of the intense infrared field driving high-harmonic emission through the etched surface rings introduces well controlled amplitude and phase modulations of the XUV field emitted from the surface itself that enhance the focusing efficiency up to 25%, beyond that of both conventional amplitude-modulated transmission XUV zone plates as well as ideal phase-only zone plates. Rings with a width comparable to the wavelength of the infrared driver exhibit strongest XUV emission with a larger phase modulation due to enhancement of the infrared field. On the contrary, a smooth phase modulation is achieved in the outskirts of the zone plates, where the width of the rings is much smaller than the infrared driving wavelength. These findings highlight the potential of sub-wavelength metasurface design in optimizing nanostructured optical elements for XUV nano-spectroscopy and on-chip XUV beam shaping.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".