Insights on the sex determination, vector capacity and ecological biology from a chromosomal level genome of vector mosquito, Armigeres subulbatus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes with aggressive biting behavior are important disease vectors threatening public health. Armigeres subalbatus, as an emerging arbovirus and filarial disease vector, exhibits aggressive host-seeking behavior and unique breeding preference for contaminated water. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to generate a high-quality genome assembly and characterize the genetic basis of vector competence and environmental adaptation in Ar. subalbatus. METHODS: We sequenced and assembled the Ar. subalbatus genome using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C technology. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to identify gene families related to detoxification, diapause, innate immunity, and sex determination. Gene structure analysis focused on the male-determining factor and its evolutionary relationships with other mosquito vectors. RESULTS: The genome assembly consists of three chromosomes, with a total size of 1.33 Gbp and an N50 of 430.15 Mbp (GenBank assembly: GCA_024139115.2), displaying 99.4% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness. We identified the gene structure of the male-determining factor (AsuMf) and characterized its evolutionary relationship with other mosquito vectors. The analysis revealed expanded detoxification-related gene families including cytochrome P450s, which may facilitate adaptation to contaminated breeding sites. We characterized 566 putative diapause-related genes that could potentially contribute to geographical expansion, 334 innate immune genes, and 1673 endogenous viral elements, indicating complex virus-host interactions throughout evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides insights into the molecular basis of vector competence and adaptation in Ar. subalbatus. The expanded detoxification gene families may enable the species to survive in polluted environments, while the identified diapause-related genes could explain its geographical expansion capabilities. These findings establish a foundation for developing novel vector control strategies targeting this emerging disease vector.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".