Breeding site departure and post-departure movement strategy in <i>Vireo olivaceus</i> (Red-eyed Vireo)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Few studies have been able to assess the decision-making process behind migratory departures from the breeding site and the extent to which extrinsic cues that favor departure from fall stopover sites also apply to initial departure from breeding sites. Factors influencing departure may vary between species that first make short-distance regional movements vs. those that immediately begin long-distance migration, but for most migratory songbirds it is unknown which post-departure movement strategy they use or why. We used an automated radio telemetry network to track adult male Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo) as they departed their northwest Pennsylvania breeding site on fall migration to determine their post-departure movement strategy. We also assessed how local weather conditions including surface pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind influenced the probability of departing the breeding site on fall migration. For the individuals that we could confidently ascertain departure day and time, 86% departed during the first 2 hr after sunset. Net displacement was positive, and birds headed directly south toward Florida. Birds were more likely to depart on nights with rising surface pressure and high humidity and frequently departed in unsupportive wind conditions (headwinds). Our results suggest that V. olivaceus initiates true long-distance migratory flights after departing their breeding sites. Birds may have departed under unsupportive wind conditions due to the scarcity of tailwinds at the breeding site. Alternatively, birds leaving their breeding areas in the fall may be less selective of optimal weather conditions for departure than birds departing stopover habitats as they have higher fuel loads and ample time to compensate during the rest of their migratory journey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".