Innovative start-ups and local development: an investigation of the relevance of entrepreneurs’ age in rural vs. urban areas
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multi-faceted approaches are mandatory to advance entrepreneurship research. This is especially true when scholars investigate the effect of entrepreneurship on local development. In this case, scholars usually rely on the nexus ‘entrepreneurial profile/context’. In line with the above and the principles of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), a European policy aiming to support the development of rural areas, this paper investigates whether, and to what extent, innovative start-ups launched by young vs. older entrepreneurs (specific profiles) contribute to local development of rural areas (a specific context) in Italy. Stochastic frontier analyses, based on 13,385 observations retrieved from the website of the Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy – IMEMI, reveal that local development generated by the Italian start-ups varies according to the entrepreneurial profile and context. Specifically, statistical results show that the entrepreneurial profile is more relevant than the context. The nexus ‘entrepreneurial profile/context’ is pivotal for defining new tools and policies able to support local development and, undoubtedly, it requires even more research.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it