Azimuthal anisotropies of charged particles with high transverse momentum in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV with the ATLAS detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A measurement is presented of elliptic ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:msub> <a:mi>v</a:mi> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:msub> </a:math> ) and triangular ( <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <b:msub> <b:mi>v</b:mi> <b:mn>3</b:mn> </b:msub> </b:math> ) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients for charged particles produced in <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <c:mrow> <c:mi>Pb</c:mi> <c:mo>+</c:mo> <c:mi>Pb</c:mi> </c:mrow> </c:math> collisions at <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <d:mrow> <d:msqrt> <d:msub> <d:mi>s</d:mi> <d:msub> <d:mrow/> <d:mtext>NN</d:mtext> </d:msub> </d:msub> </d:msqrt> <d:mo>=</d:mo> <d:mn>5.02</d:mn> </d:mrow> <d:mo> </d:mo> <d:mtext>TeV</d:mtext> </d:math> using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <e:mrow> <e:mn>0.44</e:mn> <e:mspace width="0.16em"/> <e:msup> <e:mtext>nb</e:mtext> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>1</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> </e:mrow> </e:math> collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2018. The values of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <g:msub> <g:mi>v</g:mi> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:msub> </g:math> and <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <h:msub> <h:mi>v</h:mi> <h:mn>3</h:mn> </h:msub> </h:math> are measured for charged particles over a wide range of transverse momentum ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <i:msub> <i:mi>p</i:mi> <i:mtext>T</i:mtext> </i:msub> </i:math> ), 1–400 <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <j:mtext>GeV</j:mtext> </j:math> , and <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <k:mrow> <k:mi>Pb</k:mi> <k:mo>+</k:mo> <k:mi>Pb</k:mi> </k:mrow> </k:math> collision centrality, 0–60%, using the scalar-product and multiparticle cumulant methods. These methods are sensitive to event-by-event fluctuations and nonflow effects in the measurements of azimuthal anisotropies. Positive values of <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <l:msub> <l:mi>v</l:mi> <l:mn>2</l:mn> </l:msub> </l:math> are observed up to a <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>p</m:mi> <m:mtext>T</m:mtext> </m:msub> </m:math> of approximately 100 <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <n:mtext>GeV</n:mtext> </n:math> from both methods across all centrality intervals. Positive values of <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <o:msub> <o:mi>v</o:mi> <o:mn>3</o:mn> </o:msub> </o:math> are observed up to approximately 25 <p:math xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <p:mtext>GeV</p:mtext> </p:math> using both methods, though the application of the three-subevent technique to the multiparticle cumulant method leads to significant changes at the highest <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <q:msub> <q:mi>p</q:mi> <q:mtext>T</q:mtext> </q:msub> </q:math> . At high <r:math xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <r:msub> <r:mi>p</r:mi> <r:mtext>T</r:mtext> </r:msub> </r:math> ( <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <s:mrow> <s:msub> <s:mi>p</s:mi> <s:mtext>T</s:mtext> </s:msub> <s:mo>⪆</s:mo> <s:mn>10</s:mn> </s:mrow> <s:mo> </s:mo> <s:mtext>GeV</s:mtext> </s:math> ), charged particles are dominantly from jet fragmentation. These jets, and hence the measurements presented here, are sensitive to the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma produced in <t:math xmlns:t="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <t:mrow> <t:mi>Pb</t:mi> <t:mo>+</t:mo> <t:mi>Pb</t:mi> </t:mrow> </t:math> collisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.076 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".