Effect of switching from intermittently scanned to real‐time continuous glucose monitoring on glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes: A real‐world, Canadian retrospective study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: This study investigated the real-world clinical outcomes of switching from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) to real-time CGM (rtCGM) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from a large Canadian speciality care population. METHODS: This retrospective observational study examined data from January 1, 2018, through July 31, 2023, in the Canadian LMC Diabetes Registry. The analysis measured 6-12-month change in HbA1c in adults with T1D who switched from isCGM to rtCGM and compared changes to a propensity score-matched isCGM cohort. Changes in number of hypoglycaemic events, CGM metrics, body weight, and total daily dose (TDD) of insulin were also evaluated at 6-12-month follow-up. RESULTS: The full T1D rtCGM switch cohort comprised of 136 adults (mean: age 43 years, diabetes duration 20.9 years, baseline HbA1c 67 mmol/mol [8.2%]). For the full cohort, HbA1c was significantly lower at follow-up compared to baseline (∆-7 mmol/mol [∆-0.6%], p < 0.001). The propensity score-matched subset (n = 84) of these participants had a greater HbA1c reduction compared to the matched isCGM cohort (n = 84; adjusted mean difference, 5 mmol/mol [0.5%]; p = 0.002). The matched rtCGM switch subset had significantly higher time in range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L and lower time above range >10.0 mmol/L, time below range <3.9 mmol/L, and mean glucose compared to the isCGM cohort. There were no significant differences in hypoglycaemic events, body weight, and insulin TDD between the matched cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: This real-world analysis of adults with T1D showed that switching from isCGM to rtCGM use led to significant improvements in HbA1c and CGM metrics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".