Apparent Survival Among Adult Leach's Storm Petrels <i>Hydrobates leucorhous</i> on a Colony Managed for Predators in Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Population declines of Leach’s Storm Petrels Hydrobates leucorhous in the western Atlantic have both led to the species’ recent assessment as Threatened in Canada and contributed to a Vulnerable designation by the IUCN. Limited information suggests low adult survival rates are an important contributing factor. Off eastern Nova Scotia, Canada, Country Island is managed for avian predators and mustelids to protect nesting endangered Roseate Terns Sterna dougallii. The island also hosts a colony of Leach’s Storm Petrels. In 2016, a capture-mark recapture program was initiated for storm petrels, from which we estimated apparent survival and recapture probabilities for 571 breeding birds using data collected from 2016 to 2021. Models with a time-since-marking effect were consistently ranked higher than those without; annual apparent survival estimates in the first year after capture were lower than in subsequent years, presumably due to some captured birds not returning to the study area. Apparent survival in the years subsequent to first capture was lowest in forested areas with no understorey vegetation, slightly higher in forested areas with fern understorey, and highest in open areas with dense fern cover. While the mechanism driving habitat differences in adult survival is unknown, predation pressure may be strongest in forested areas with open understorey where it is easier for predators to find burrow entrances. Although apparent adult survival rates were higher than reported previously for nearby Bon Portage Island where predation is significant, Country Island may represent a best-case scenario for Leach’s Storm Petrel in Atlantic Canada, since predators are managed and adult mortality from avian predators is relatively low at this site. Even so, survival rates at Country Island are lower than those reported previously at two Pacific colonies and provide evidence that adult survival rates of Leach’s Storm Petrels in eastern Canada are depressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".