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Record W4413098906 · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000386

COVID-19 pandemic and access to mental healthcare: A qualitative study of the experiences of mental healthcare providers and caregivers in Ghana

2025· article· en· W4413098906 on OpenAlexaff
Leonard Baatiema, Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, Sheba Kunfah, Kwaku Darko Owusu-Ansah, Luke Allen, Benedict Weobong, Ṣẹ̀yẹ Abímbọ́lá, Ama de‐Graft Aikins, Kwadwo A. Koram, Margaret E. Kruk

Bibliographic record

VenuePLOS mental health. · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicCOVID-19 and Mental Health
Canadian institutionsYork University
FundersNational Institute of Mental HealthFogarty International CenterNational Institutes of HealthUniversity of GhanaHarvard University
KeywordsMental healthNonprobability samplingQualitative researchHealth carePandemicNursingAttendanceMedicineGovernment (linguistics)Mental health lawPsychologyPsychiatryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PopulationDiseaseEnvironmental healthSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The COVID-19 pandemic created enormous additional demand for already weak mental health systems in many countries that were severely impacted, as evidence showed that new mental health disorders were triggered while those with pre-existing mental health conditions worsened. Yet, we know little about the extent to which the pandemic impacted the provision of care by frontline mental health care providers and access to mental health care among caregivers. This study describes the experiences of frontline mental health care providers and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. A qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach and semi-structured interview methods was undertaken among caregivers of people living with any kind of mental illness and mental health care providers. We used a purposive sampling technique to select study participants who were available and consented to share their experiences. An interview guide facilitated the data collection process. We used an inductive approach through open coding to generate codes. We then grouped codes into emergent categories and further into themes of experiences of accessing mental health services by users and provision of mental health services by providers. Our analysis identified six themes regarding frontline mental health care providers' experiences at the primary health care level during the COVID-19 pandemic: a) interrupted home visits b) lack of government support c) lack of medication d) low clinic attendance e) disruptions in service delivery f) extended medication supply and g) patient aggression and attacks. Four themes emerged that characterize the experiences of caregivers of people living with mental health conditions, namely a) denial and withdrawal of facility-based care b) medication refill challenges c) disruption in outreach and follow-up calls and d) isolation and limited community support. The study highlights the challenges experienced by frontline mental health care providers and caregivers of people living with mental health conditions. It brought to light specific gaps that require urgent attention for people living with mental health conditions, their caregivers, and frontline workers. Institutional additional support systems to ensure fewer disruptions and address access-based gaps through outreach and community support would help improve their experiences in future pandemics.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.126
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.158
GPT teacher head0.514
Teacher spread0.357 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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