Melanocortin Receptor-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Acthar® Gel in Human Myeloid Cells
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Acthar® Gel, a complex mixture of porcine adrenocorticotropic hormone analogs that activates all 5 melanocortin receptor (MCR) subtypes, is an approved noncorticosteroid treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations. Methods MCR expression and anti-inflammatory effects of Acthar Gel in human monocyte-derived macrophages and human brain-derived microglia were investigated following lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro. Results Melanocortin receptor 1 was expressed at substantially higher levels than the other MCR subtypes in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and was the only MCR gene detected in human adult microglia. As shown by microarray gene expression analysis, polarization of MDMs to a proinflammatory phenotype increased the expression and secretion of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and CXC motif chemokine ligand 10, which were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with Acthar Gel treatment. Conclusions These results are consistent with previous insights that Acthar Gel has an immunomodulatory mechanism distinct from glucocorticoids alone and suggest that Acthar Gel can improve clinical outcomes in MS and other inflammation-mediated central nervous system disorders by inhibiting multiple proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it