Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intravascular contrast media plays an important role in improving tissue and vascular characterisation in diagnostic imaging and image-guided intervention. Iodinated contrast media are commonly used in imaging modalities which utilise ionising radiation and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) in magnetic resonance imaging. Intravascular use of iodinated contrast medium is associated with contrast-induced acute kidney injury and GBCA with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, both of which can lead to potentially significant adverse outcomes in patients with kidney impairment. However, most studies in the literature focus on adults and the evidence in the paediatric population is scarce. In this review, we aim to examine the consensus guidelines and studies in the paediatric population who require intravascular iodinated contrast media and GBCA. At the end, we propose an algorithm to approach the use of intravascular contrast media in children who need to undergo diagnostic imaging or image-guided intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".