Exploring the patterns of availability and provision of sexual and reproductive health services to young people in primary healthcare centers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescents and young people represent a significant portion of the population in Nigeria. Thus, addressing their unique sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs is imperative for overall national health outcomes, especially given the limited availability of youth friendly services. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence availability and provision of SRH services to young persons in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional quantitative study was used to explore the patterns of health service availability and provision among healthcare providers in primary healthcare centers. Descriptive analysis was used to examine respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and their provision of differential treatment based on gender and age. Rao-Scott chi-squared test assessed the relationship between the two outcome variables-health service availability and provision. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for clustering at the facility level, was used to examine associations between dependent variables and independent variables, including age, gender, location, years of formal education, and training in providing youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. RESULTS: Rural areas reported higher service availability than urban areas, likely due to targeted national health programs. However, service provision remained inconsistent, especially for post-abortion care and support for survivors. Higher provider education was positively linked to both availability and provision. Youth-friendly training improved reported availability but did not enhance actual service delivery. CONCLUSION: While targeted interventions have improved service availability in rural areas, significant gaps remain in actual service provision, particularly for sensitive SRH services. Enhancing provider education and addressing systemic barriers to youth-friendly care are essential to translating availability into meaningful access and quality service delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".