Investigation on Active and Rapid Hepatobiliary Excretion of Triantennary <i>N</i>-Acetyl Galactosamine Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current knowledge of hepatic lectin-specific N -acetylgalactosamine ligands is limited to the removal of glycoproteins/cells from circulation or targeting therapeutics to the liver. Here, we describe the influence of different N -acetylgalactosamine ligands conjugated to dendritic polymer-based therapeutic nanoparticles with sizes above the renal excretion limit on bypassing liver accumulation and their rapid excretion from the body. We determined that the chemistry, type, and presentation of sugar ligands on nanoparticles dictate their vascular retention, rapid intracellular hepatocyte transport, and the pathway of excretion. We further probed the mechanism of rapid hepatobiliary excretion in vivo using fluorescently labeled nanoparticles and found that the structure and characteristics of N -acetylgalactosamine ligands on the nanoparticle surface influence their interactions with different hepatic cells. The current study provides new directions and sheds light on better appraising design parameters that can be tailored for active hepatobiliary excretion of nanoparticles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".