Shipping noise tolerance in invertebrates: A case study of the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent decades have seen significant alterations to ocean soundscapes. These changes are primarily driven by human-generated sources (i.e., anthropogenic noise), which is now recognized as a marine pollutant of emerging concern. In contrast to research on marine mammals and fish, studies on the effects of noise on marine invertebrates are limited, and while behavioural changes have been observed in some invertebrate taxa, few investigations have considered whether marine invertebrates can develop a tolerance to this pollutant. We examined the behavioral impacts of shipping noise on the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis and whether they can develop tolerance to noise. Cohorts collected from sites with low and high noise levels were exposed to playbacks of ship noise in the laboratory. We measured initial responses to a simulated predator attack, time taken to seek shelter following the attack, and disruption during feeding. Our results indicated that ship noise significantly impacts shore crabs' initial response after a simulated predator attack, with a 66% likelihood of movement in noise-exposed individuals compared to 32% in the controls. However, ship noise did not significantly impact whether the crabs retreated to shelter after a predator attack, nor did it disrupt feeding. The interaction between treatment and site type was not significant for any of the behavioral metrics, indicating no evidence of tolerance related to prior noise exposure. Finally, we assessed broader relationships between sound and marine arthropods' behavior by combining our results with 71 data points extracted from 17 published studies. A meta-analysis of these data indicated that sound can have a positive, negative, or null effect on marine arthropods. Our results highlight the importance of considering marine invertebrates when evaluating the ecological impacts of anthropogenic noise, and suggest that more work is required to identify the contexts in which this emerging pollutant is particularly detrimental.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".