The impact of surgery on patients with Von Hippel-Lindau-associated tumors: an international patient survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a rare hereditary neoplastic disorder caused by mutations in the VHL gene. Treatment options for patients are limited to multiple surgeries dispersed between regular scans, watchful waiting, and treatments that preserve organ function. METHODS: An international, cross-sectional survey comprising patients in the United States (USA), Canada (CA), the United Kingdom (UK), France (FR), and Germany (DE) was conducted. Patients were recruited via the VHL Alliance; data were collected between Dec 2021 and May 2022. For inclusion, patients must have renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and/or central nervous system hemangioblastoma. RESULTS: In all, 220 patients (68.2% female, median age 40.0, median disease duration 15.8 years) in the USA (n = 108), CA (n = 37), the UK (n = 21), FR (n = 3), and DE (n = 51) completed the study. In this sample, n = 205 (93.2%) patients had experienced surgery; n = 171 (77.7%) had experienced multiple surgeries (median number of surgeries, 4.0); 166 (n = 75.5%) patients recorded data on their most recent surgery. Of these, patients reported that their most recent surgery worsened (scored 1-3) their fatigue (51.8%, n = 86), mental health (51.2%, n = 85), and ability to go about daily life (45.2%, n = 75). Approximately, 47.3% (n = 104) of patients selected reducing the number of surgeries as a top treatment goal, whereas 73% (n = 161) of patients indicated they would prefer to take a pill which would possibly delay the time until surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgery negatively impacts the lives of patients, leading to a worsening in their fatigue, mental health, and ability to go about daily life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".