Tuning Water Transport through Nanochannels of Robust Cation‐Intercalated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes have attracted considerable interest due to their exceptional water transport properties, yet the role of cation intercalation on governing transport remains poorly understood. In this experimental and theoretical study, it shows how intercalation with K+, Na+, Li+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ modulates both the nanochannel architecture and water flux of Ti3C2Tx membranes. Unlike in graphene oxide analogs, cations with larger hydration diameters in Ti3C2Tx expand the interlayer spacing, widening flow channels, enhancing slip length of these nanochannels, and boosting water flux from 31.45 to 61.86 L m−2 h−1. To overcome intrinsically poor adhesion of Ti3C2Tx to polymeric supports, this study incorporates a thin polyvinyl‐alcohol interlayer, which substantially enhances mechanical robustness and structural integrity. Together, these findings elucidate how cation hydration controls water transport and offer a flexible strategy for tailoring MXene membrane performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".