Liquid Metal Printed Zinc Tin Composite Oxide Nanosheets: A Platform for Multifunctional Sensing at Room Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Liquid metal (LM) alloys have attracted significant interest as exceptional functional materials due to their wide range of applications. Although significant theoretical advancements have been made, the experimental investigation of surface oxides in complex metal alloys remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the formation of surface oxide in eutectic zinc (Zn)–tin (Sn) alloy to increase the understanding of composite metal oxides and enable new technological applications. The study reveals the formation of zinc tin composite metal oxide (ZTCMO) with ≈82.7 at% ZnO and ≈17.3 at% SnO 2 by utilizing the liquid metal‐based van der Waals (vdW) printing approach. Structural characterizations confirm the formation of highly crystalline ZTCMO nanosheets with a wide bandgap of 3.3 eV. The ultrathin nanosheets demonstrate their practicality as an ultraviolet (UV) optical sensor with maximum responsivities of 3.84 A W −1 at 285 nm and 1.31 A W −1 at 365 nm, achieved at a low power density of 0.1 mW cm −2 . Additionally, ZTCMO nanosheets exhibit excellent room temperature ammonia (NH 3 ) gas sensing with high sensitivity and selectivity, detecting concentrations as low as 50 parts per million under UV light illumination. These findings highlight the potential of composite metal oxide‐based devices with the capability of multifunctional sensing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".