Effects of neonicotinoid and diamide-contaminated agricultural runoff on Lymnaea stagnalis: Insights into stress, neurotoxicity, and antioxidant response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Freshwater pollution from agrochemicals poses an increasing threat to aquatic ecosystems. Yet, the sublethal effects of such contaminants on cognition and neural function in non-target invertebrate species remain poorly understood. Using a field-collected source of pesticide-contaminated freshwater (Spirit Creek Pond water, SCW) and two Lymnaea stagnalis strains, one collected directly from Spirit Creek (SC strain) and another inbred laboratory strain (W strain), we address the core questions: (1) what are the transcriptional consequences of SCW exposure? (2) are these effects strain-specific? (3) does SCW impair higher-order configural learning (CL)? (4) and, if so, can cognitive function recover following a 14-day washout period in uncontaminated water? SCW exposure significantly altered the expression levels of stress-response and cholinergic receptors in a strain-dependent manner. In both strains, LymHSP70 and LymSOD1 were significantly upregulated during exposure and downregulated after washout, indicating acute stress with partial transcriptional recovery. In W-strain snails, LymGSR was uniquely and persistently upregulated post-washout, suggesting sustained oxidative imbalance. Moreover, W-strain snails exhibited significant upregulation of cholinergic receptor genes LymnAChR_G and LymnAChR_E during SCW exposure, followed by downregulation after washout, suggesting a reversible but lasting disruption in cholinergic signaling. Behaviorally, CL was abolished in both strains following SCW exposure, with no evidence of cognitive recovery after the washout period. These results demonstrate that exposure to environmentally relevant contaminants induces lasting neurobehavioral impairments and molecular dysregulation in L. stagnalis, with strain-specific differences in susceptibility and recovery. Our findings underscore the need for long-term ecological monitoring of freshwater neurotoxicants and their impacts on invertebrate neural health and cognition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".