Anxiety symptoms and associated factors in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) cohort: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We (1) compared anxiety symptom levels in a multinational SSc cohort to a general population normative sample and (2) evaluated sociodemographic, lifestyle and SSc disease factors associated with symptoms. METHODS: Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort participants completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Version 2 4a Anxiety domain upon enrolment. PROMIS domain scores use T-scores (mean = 50, S.D. = 10) calibrated to a United States normative sample. We compared T-scores to the PROMIS United States normative sample and, in SSc, assessed associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle and physician-reported disease-related variables with multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Among 2463 participants with SSc, mean anxiety symptom T-score (52.6, S.D. = 10.0, 95% CI 52.2, 53.0) was ∼1/3 S.D. higher than the United States general population mean of 50 (S.D. = 10), though within normal limits. Higher T-scores were associated with younger age (1.07 T-score points per 10 years, 95% CI 0.74, 1.40), female sex (1.81, 95% CI 0.63, 3.00), non-married status (0.99, 95% CI 0.14, 1.84), race or ethnicity other than White (1.79, 95% CI 0.72, 2.85), living in Canada (1.70, 95% CI 0.61, 2.79), the United Kingdom (1.53, 95% CI 0.06, 2.99) or France (2.01, 95% CI 0.98, 3.03) (vs the United States), higher BMI (0.11, 95% CI 0.03, 0.17), less time since non-Raynaud's symptom onset (0.82 per 10 years, 95% CI 0.40, 1.30), gastrointestinal involvement (2.70, 95% CI 1.52, 3.88), moderate small joint contractures (1.24, 95% CI 0.10, 2.38), the absence of interstitial lung disease (0.93, 95% CI -1.79, -0.07) and Sjögren disease (1.67, 95% CI 0.17, 3.17). Interstitial lung disease was not statistically significant when accounting for an interaction with country. Anxiety was also associated with pruritus and pain intensity in a sensitivity analysis that included variables with possible bi-directional pathways with anxiety. CONCLUSION: Anxiety symptoms were somewhat elevated among individuals with SSc and associated with multiple sociodemographic and disease factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".