Comparison of Bacterial Endophytes in Barley Grains Infected and Non‐Infected With Fusarium Head Blight Using Metabarcoding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endophytes are organisms that maintain an intimate relationship with the plant host as they are adapted to the niche of internal plant tissues and are mutually beneficial in these interactions. Plant diseases can potentially alter the endophytic community structure, negatively affecting plant development and defence mechanisms. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a complex and devastating barley disease that could induce such changes. Investigating the structure of the bacterial endophytic community of barley grains with FHB may provide valuable information about the disease development, the resistance of the plant to FHB and the impact of endophytes on pathogen(s) development. We sequenced amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from barley grains and compared the endophytic bacterial profiles under Fusarium graminearum‐ infected and disease‐free conditions. In addition, we tested microbiome responses to barley genotype (moderately resistant, intermediate or susceptible toward FHB), plant growth stage (mid‐dough stage vs. physiological maturity stage) and year (years 2021 vs. 2022). This study demonstrated significant changes in the overall bacterial endophytic microbiome with FHB and the plant growth stage. Xanthomonas spp. were predominantly detected in the barley grain endosphere. In addition, bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) significantly associated with FHB‐infected samples (ASV0016; Kosakonia cowanii ), physiological maturity stage (ASV0001; Xanthomonas sp.) and genotypes moderately resistant to FHB (ASV0292; Weeksellaceae chryseobacterium ) were identified. An accumulation of bacterial ASVs was observed over the years. The study's findings may be used to predict conditions that could either induce or control FHB in the host through bacterial microbiome interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".