A 28 GHz Dual-Mode Power Amplifier for Enhanced Load Resiliency or Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement in 22NM FDSOI Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a dual-mode power amplifier (PA) with configurable gate biases, optimized for large-scale antenna array system (LSAAS) front-ends. In the first mode, the VSWR resiliency mode, the PA is configured to maximize resiliency to high load variations caused by antenna cross-coupling in LSAAS, by maintaining consistent power, linearity, and efficiency. In the second mode, the back-off (BO) efficiency enhancement mode, the PA is configured to improve BO efficiency when driven by complex modulated signals with high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), during minimal load variation. A 28 GHz circuit demonstrator is implemented using the 22 nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS process. Under a 50 -ohm load, the VSWR resiliency mode achieves 16.5 dB gain, 13 dBm output power, and 18 % peak power-added efficiency (PAE), while the BO efficiency enhanced mode delivers 14 dB gain, 13 dBm output power, with 17.5 % and 11 % PAE at peak and 6 dB back-off, respectively. When tested against a varying load with VSWR 2.5:1 over a 360° range, the VSWR resiliency mode shows an average saturated power loss of 0.5 dB, while the BO efficiency enhanced mode shows a 1 dB average loss. Modulated signal measurements further confirm the superior performance of the VSWR resiliency mode under load variation compared to the BO efficiency enhanced mode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".