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Elite vs “Middle Class”: The Defining Conflict of Global Instability in the First Quarter of the 21st Century

2025· article· en· W4413129622 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
А. Б. Шатилов

Bibliographic record

VenueHumanities and Social Sciences Bulletin of the Financial University · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic Development and Digital Transformation
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEliteMiddle classPoliticsDominance (genetics)Political sciencePeriod (music)Power (physics)Upper classPolitical economyQuarter (Canadian coin)SociologyGender studiesLawHistoryAesthetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article considers the problem of the struggle for influence between the elite and the middle class in modern states. The study covers the period from the second half of the 20th century to the present time, highlighting two key stages of the confrontation. In the first half of the analyzed period, the elite and the middle class acted as allies in the struggle against the personal dominance of political leaders. However, after neutralizing the “dictatorial” potential of the leadership institute in the 2000s, the elite launched an active campaign against the middle class, which by that time had accumulated significant social, material and intellectual capital and began to pose a threat to the establishment’s positions of power. The author analyzes the measures taken by the elite to reduce the authority of the middle class in societies of “civilized” countries and establish full control over shaping the agenda of human development. In conclusion, it is noted that despite the ongoing confrontation, the elite retains a significant advantage over both political leaders and the popular majority, the core of which is the middle class.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.025

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0050.007
Scholarly communication0.0080.003
Open science0.0000.004
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.188
Teacher spread0.153 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueHumanities and Social Sciences Bulletin of the Financial UniversitySame topicEconomic Development and Digital TransformationFrench-language works237,207