Effect of cranial electro-stimulation on cognition in perimenopausal women: randomized control study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on cognition among perimenopausal women.Methods The pretest–post-test randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and January 2025. Forty-six perimenopausal women, aged 40–55 years, were randomized into two groups: active CES (n = 23) or sham CES (n = 23). Participants were blinded to the study. Both groups received 30-min sessions, 4 days a week for 4 weeks. The participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks of intervention using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale.Results Demographic and baseline characteristics depicted a normal distribution for both groups, except for MoCA (p < 0.05). Within-group analyses of both groups demonstrated significant differences for MoCA (active CES, p = 0.001; sham CES, p = 0.002) with large effect size ≥ 0.5. Between-group analyses of MoCA showed no significant difference with p = 0.212 and small effect size ≤ 0.3. The time and group interaction effect showed significant improvement with p = 0.001.Conclusions CES has the potential to enhance cognitive function in perimenopausal women. Additionally, no adverse events related to the study were reported.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it