Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Importance: Semaglutide is a widely used treatment for diabetes and obesity, offering considerable cardiovascular benefit. However, its association with ocular adverse events remains uncertain. Objective: To assess the incidence of eye disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in adults treated with semaglutide. Data Sources: A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted on April 10, 2025, without date restrictions. Study Selection: Investigators independently screened records to identify randomized clinical trials comparing semaglutide with either an active comparator or placebo in adults, assessing ocular adverse events. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Descriptive synthesis of the included studies was performed. The random-effects model using the inverse variance method was used to summarize the odds ratio (OR) for eye disorders and diabetic retinopathy. Peto OR with a fixed-effects model was applied for NAION. Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB 2.0 tool and quality of evidence with GRADE. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to determine whether the available data were sufficient for definitive conclusions. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes included the number of patients experiencing an ocular adverse event, diabetic retinopathy, or NAION. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on follow-up duration, comparator type, and primary baseline condition. Results: A total of 78 trials with 73 640 participants were included. Semaglutide did not increase or reduce the risk of eye disorders (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91-1.12) or diabetic retinopathy (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.17). Treatment with semaglutide was associated with a significant odds of NAION (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.02-15.02). Overall risk of bias was low. TSA provided evidence that the sample size was sufficient to avoid missing alternative results for diabetic retinopathy but not for NAION. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that semaglutide was not associated with an increased risk of eye disorders or diabetic retinopathy. Despite the fact that an association between semaglutide treatment and NAION was found, current evidence remains insufficient to establish definitive conclusions regarding its association with NAION. Further studies with larger sample sizes and adequate evaluation of NAION are warranted to clarify this potential risk.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it