Antimicrobiota vaccine induces lysine-mediated modulation of tick immunity affecting <i>Borrelia</i> colonization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tick microbiota influences Borrelia colonization, but changes in the microbiota-derived metabolite and how this affects tick physiology and vector competence is unclear. We investigated whether microbiota-induced metabolite modifications influence tick physiology and pathogen transmission. Using an antimicrobiota vaccine (live Escherichia coli) to immunize mice, we generated host antibodies that modulated the tick microbiome, decreasing bacterial abundance and increasing lysine levels in ticks. Elevated lysine correlated with increased tick weight. Lysine supplementation experiments enhanced defensin expression with DefMT6 exhibiting anti-Borrelia activity, reducing pathogen load in ticks. Our findings demonstrate that antimicrobiota vaccines induce metabolite changes, affecting tick physiology, immunity, and vector competence. These insights open new avenues for developing microbiota-targeted strategies to control tick-borne diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".