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Record W4413141612 · doi:10.1177/00405736251362663

The Responsibility of the Church to the State in an Era of Mass Migration: The Leadership of Pastor Marc Boegner in Occupied France

2025· article· en· W4413141612 on OpenAlex
Annette Brownlee

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueTheology Today · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMulticulturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender
Canadian institutionsWycliffe College
Fundersnot available
KeywordsState (computer science)TheologyPolitical scienceMass migrationSociologyLawPhilosophyImmigration

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Our current era of cross-border mass migrations raises complex questions about the protections that citizenship, naturalization, refugee status and asylum seeking do and do not afford. Policies for dealing with genuine immigration challenges can become vehicles for the prejudicial singling out of particular groups or inflaming latent xenophobia and racism. Christians, in the midst of this confusion, have had to reckon with their responsibilities, to their governments, to the displaced, and to the Gospel. This essay examines the response of the French Reformed church, under the leadership of Marc Boegner, to its government's antisemitic legislation, round-up and deportation of Jews to their deaths during German occupation from 1940–44. The Vichy regime of Pétain defended its singling out of immigrant Jews as a necessary solution to France's immigration problems of the 1920s and 1930s. Boegner was the first religious leader to protest the anti-Jewish legislation of the Vichy regime. The French Protestant church's acts of direct protest to the highest levels of government and its numerous acts of spiritual resistance—caring for immigrant and native Jews at great cost and personal risk—constituted a refusal to abjure their faith and Christian duties in the face of the state's violation of its own God-given responsibilities. Though this essay is descriptive, not prescriptive, the witness of the Protestant church under Boegner lays out some of the broader possibilities and limitations that inform the church's responsibility to the state on the matter of immigrants.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.633
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.089
GPT teacher head0.387
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it