Altered underwater light characteristics impact photoreceptive mesozooplankton and macrozooplankton from physiological responses to community dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Impact of underwater light changes on pMMZ explored systematically. • UV radiation causes lethal effects on individual pMMZ. • Behavioral and physiological responses to light intensity and quality examined. • Sub-lethal responses to light variations alter pMMZ traits and community dynamics. • Framework for understanding light-driven pMMZ community changes proposed. Although the underwater light environment is significantly altered by environmental and climatic drivers, a comprehensive review focusing on its effects on photoreceptive mesozooplankton (e.g., rotifers) and macrozooplankton (e.g., cladocerans and copepods), hereafter collectively referred to as pMMZ, has not yet been conducted. Here we summarize current knowledge on the changing light characteristics in global aquatic environments and the effects of those changes on pMMZ traits. Evidence shows that changes in underwater light intensity, quality, and color are evident in present-day natural aquatic ecosystems. Altered light intensity influences pMMZ behaviors, including vertical distribution, feeding behavior, and predator avoidance. Changes in light quality (particularly ultraviolet radiation) can affect pMMZ antioxidant physiology, individual metabolism, gene expression, and development. Thus far, lethal effects on individual pMMZ have only been attributed to elevated ultraviolet radiation under specific conditions. Other changes in light characteristics primarily disrupt pMMZ behavior and physiological traits, indirectly shaping life-history traits and interspecies relationships, which in turn impact community composition and dynamics. In summary, the effects of changes in underwater light characteristics on pMMZ in natural ecosystems are broad-ranging but predominantly indirect. Insights gained from this review shed light on the mechanisms by which changes in underwater light characteristics shape pMMZ communities, underscoring the importance of exploring these effects from a community ecology perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".