Understanding long-term ASR expansion in glass powder ternary concrete blends through accelerated solubility test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glass powder (GP) has recently been recognized as a pozzolan by Canadian (CSA) and American standards (ASTM). However, the risk of ASR limits its widespread use in concrete production. This study analyzed a seven-year expansion dataset of GP binary/ternary concrete and correlated it with an accelerated solubility test designed with a synthetic pore solution. Results show that, despite the GP capacity to mitigate ASR, binary blends exceeded the normative expansion threshold. Ternary blends, particularly GP/metakaolin, proved most effective at reducing alkali levels and expansion. Low modified chemical index, reduced Na + K levels, and increased calcium consumption provided lower expansion. The analysis of the dissolution rate and different solution/binder ratios revealed that Na release is controlled by dissolution kinetics, rather than the GP content in the concrete. Early Na release in low GP mixes promotes alkali incorporation into pozzolanic hydrates, while high GP mixes saturate the pore solution, restricting further GP dissolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".