Blended Soil Amendment Effects on Phosphorus Loss from Soils under Simulated Snowmelt Flooding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) accumulation in agricultural soils from long-term fertilizer and manure applications increases the risk of P mobilization into freshwater systems, contributing to eutrophication. In the Canadian Prairies, spring snowmelt over frozen soils creates anaerobic conditions, exacerbating the transport of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) to surface waters. This research investigated the effectiveness of single and blended soil amendments in reducing P losses from high legacy P soils under simulated snowmelt flooding conditions. Two complementary laboratory studies were conducted using agricultural soils from southern Manitoba. The first study employed packed soil incubations to evaluate fifteen treatments across six soils, including an unamended control, six single amendments at different rates of alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O], ferric chloride (FeCl3), gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), plus eight blended combinations. The second study used intact soil monoliths from four sites to compare gypsum, ferric chloride, and their 1:1 combination. Results demonstrated that ferric chloride-based treatments were consistently the most effective across soil types. In packed soils, single amendment of ferric chloride achieved maximum DRP reductions of 64%, while blended amendments containing ferric chloride achieved reductions up to 89%. The monolith study confirmed these findings, with ferric chloride reducing floodwater DRP by 93-99%. Calcium and magnesium-based amendments showed soil-dependent effectiveness, with gypsum achieving 31-56% reductions in the monolith study. Blended amendments did not provide substantial advantages over single ferric chloride applications. These findings suggest that ferric chloride represents a viable single-amendment strategy for mitigating snowmelt-driven P losses from Prairie agricultural soils, offering practical implications for water quality protection in cold climatic regions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".