Upwelling-related ferruginous ooids, microbialites, and the Darriwilian tipping point of Ordovician climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cool-water settings characterize Ordovician occurrences of Phanerozoic ooidal ironstones (POIs), contrasting sharply with the warm and humid climate typical of other POIs. This geological puzzle was deciphered in this study based on a complex suite of Middle–Late Ordovician POIs in South China hosted in tropical sediments of a warm-water origin, and coeval ferruginous ooid-bearing sediments and ferruginous microbialites that accumulated in a relatively cool-water setting. Here, we demonstrate that, despite their different depositional settings, all Ordovician ferruginous deposits of South China share similar petrographic ultrastructures and δ56Fe isotopic signatures. This suggests that the formation of POIs was not likely controlled by water temperature but instead is attributable to a microbial iron factory, associated with active upwelling generated from frequent cool-water incursions from Gondwana. This model also explains the predominant occurrence of Ordovician ferruginous deposits in cool-water realms in peri-Gondwana. The Darriwilian peak of their abundance corresponds to the onset of an icehouse episode and a paleotropical cold-water tongue that created complex depositional environments across the South China plate.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".