Fasting elicits gut microbiome signature changes that extend to type 1 diabetes patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been linked to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), identifying it as a promising therapeutic target. Nutritional interventions, which are an effective way to modulate the gut microbiome, thus show potential to be applied as complementary therapies for T1D. One particular dietary intervention, prolonged therapeutic fasting, has been shown to ameliorate symptoms of several autoimmune diseases, while also modifying the gut microbiota composition of healthy populations. It is unclear, however, how the gut microbiota of patients suffering from diseases of autoimmunity will respond to fasting. In this pilot study, we investigate the effects of prolonged fasting on the gut microbiome of T1D patients: Fasting substantially changed the composition and structure of the T1D gut microbiome so that it converged with that of non-diabetic controls immediately post fasting. Moreover, a comparison with a population of patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis revealed substantial overlap in post-fasted microbiome changes and a remarkable consistency with published data of non-autoimmune populations, indicating that fasting leads to signature microbiome changes that are independent of host health status and disease type. A correlation analysis between fasting-mediated microbiota modifications and changes in clinical parameters revealed several significant associations between the Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae families and cholesterol and blood pressure changes in the T1D cohort, corroborating previous studies reporting on these associations in non-diabetic subjects. In conclusion, the observed fasting-mediated microbiome signature suggests that nutrient availability is a major disease-independent factor in shaping gut microbiome composition, likely driven by the need for metabolic diversification of microbial nutrient acquisition. The corresponding clinical associations highlight the need to investigate if these fasting-driven changes in the reported taxa are causally linked to the recorded clinical benefits of therapeutic fasting and what importance fasting as an additional therapeutic intervention might have to improve long term conditions in people with T1D.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".