Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea using CPAP and cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Study objective To evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive impairment by comparing individuals with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated OSA, untreated OSA, and those without OSA. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants were divided into 3 groups based on overnight sleep study and CPAP use: (1) OSA–CPAP group, (2) OSA–no treatment group, and (3)non–OSA group. The primary outcome was the prevalence of cognitive impairment among 3 groups measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the secondary outcome was ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results A total of 113 participants (male 69.9%, median age: 57.0 years) are enrolled, comprising 50 participants in the OSA–CPAP group, 50 participants in the OSA–no treatment group, and 13 participants in the non–OSA group. The cognitive impairment prevalence was 46.0% in the OSA–CPAP group, 70.0% in the OSA–no treatment group, and 46.0% in the non-OSA groups (p=0.038). Subdomain analysis showed significantly higher scores in memory and visuospatial abilities in the OSA–CPAP and the non–OSA group (p=0.039 and p=0.005). Post-hoc analysis revealed significantly higher MoCA scores and lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in the OSA–CPAP group compared to OSA–no treatment group (p=0.002 and p=0.015). No significant differences in ABPM parameters were observed. Conclusion CPAP therapy in patients with OSA is associated with better cognitive performance and lower prevalence of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest a potential role for OSA treatment preserving cognitive function, however further longitudinal studies are needed. BRIEF SUMMARY The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive impairment remains controversial. Most prior studies relied on retrospective analyses or selected participants using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, limiting their real-world applicability. In this study, we analyzed data from unselected patients attending a sleep clinic. We found that patients with treated OSA had a similar prevalence of cognitive impairment as those without OSA, and both groups had a lower prevalence than patients with untreated OSA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".