Can Hyaluronic Acid Reduce Friction in the First Extensor Compartment? A Cadaveric Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: De Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQT), marked by pain and dysfunction from thickening of the first dorsal compartment, traditionally relies on treatments like corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, braces, and surgery. This study explores hyaluronic acid (HA), recognized for its lubricating properties, as a nonsurgical alternative to improve tendon gliding at the tendon-retinaculum interface. Study Design: Biomechanical cadaveric study. Materials and Methods: Eighteen cadaveric specimens of the first extensor tendon compartment were soaked in saline. Half were treated with HA and half with celestone soluspan. Friction between the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons against the extensor retinaculum was measured at wrist-thumb angles of 30 to 20 degrees and 30 to 0 degrees. Results: HA significantly reduced friction by 18.7% compared with saline, with the greatest reduction observed in the EPB at the 30 to 20-degree angle. Conclusion: III.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".