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Record W4413197258 · doi:10.4236/oalib.1113567

Influence of Clinical Risk Factors on International Normalized Ratio Control in Patients on Warfarin Therapy: A Systematic Review

2025· article· en· W4413197258 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueOALib · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicAtrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersMonash University MalaysiaMonash University
KeywordsWarfarinMedicineInternal medicineAtrial fibrillation

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Warfarin remains a widely prescribed oral anticoagulant despite its narrow therapeutic index and its association with life-threatening bleeding events.This systematic review examined the impact of clinical risk factors on international normalized ratio (INR) control in patients receiving Warfarin therapy.Following the PRISMA-P guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and Web of Science) using Medical Subject Headings to identify eligible cohort studies published between 2016 and 2020.A total of 15 original research articles met the inclusion criteria.The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.This review identified several clinical risk factors influencing INR control, including drug interactions with Warfarin, herbal supplements, dietary intake of vitamin K, and multiple comorbidities (anemia, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, psychiatric disorders, prosthetic valve), kidney transplant recipient, hemodialysis, and hypoalbuminemia.These clinical risk factors adversely affect the time in therapeutic range, thereby increasing the risk of adverse outcomes such as thromboembolism, major bleeding, and mortality.Overall, these clinical risk factors compromise Warfarin efficacy by contributing to subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic INR levels.Identifying and addressing these clinical risk factors prior to initiating Warfarin therapy is essential to achieving optimal INR control.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.017
Threshold uncertainty score0.263

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.051
GPT teacher head0.395
Teacher spread0.344 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it