The Effects of Pedaling-Based Progressive Resistance Training on Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Female Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective solution for pain relief and functional recovery in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. However, stiffness of the knee, limited range of motion, and weakened muscle strength are challenges of postoperative rehabilitation. This study investigated the effects of a pedaling-based progressive resistance training (PPRT) program on range of motion, muscle strength, physical function, and gait in patients who had undergone TKA. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 female patients (aged 65–79) who underwent TKA participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the PPRT group (n = 24) or the control group (n = 24). The PPRT group performed the training for 60 min per session, twice a day, five days a week, for four weeks. The primary outcomes were the muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) of the knee. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: There was a significant time × group interaction effect in all the quadriceps strength values (p < 0.05), with a moderate to large effect size (η2p = 0.142–0.390). The PPRT group showed a smaller decrease in knee flexor and extensor strength and a greater improvement in knee flexion range of motion compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The WOMAC index and TUG time were also significantly improved compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In the time × group interaction, a significant effect was shown in WOMAC pain, physical function, and total score (p < 0.05) with a moderate to large effect size (η2p = 0.099–0.196). TUG time also showed a significant time × group interaction (p < 0.05) with a moderating effect (η2p = 0.0840). Conclusions: This study suggests that pedaling-based progressive resistance training helps maintain knee flexor and extensor strength as well as improves range of motion and physical function in patients following TKA and can be proposed as effective training for post-TKA rehabilitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".