Comparative Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Stretching and Isometric Exercises in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomised Clinical Trial)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease that has been observed to be caused by the damaging effects of inflammatory mediators on bones and cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis has been ranked as the 11th leading cause of disability globally, which tends to affect 3.8% of almost three hundred evaluated health conditions. Proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching and isometric exercises might be preferred as an interventional technique for the rehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Objective: To compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching with isometric exercises among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: Our current study is a randomised clinical trial (n=30). Patients with knee osteoarthritis, aged 35 to 50 years, were randomly allocated into two groups: one receiving proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching and the other receiving isometric exercises. Data for this current study were collected from the Core Physiotherapy Clinic, Layyah, Pakistan. Patients, both male and female, aged between 35 and 50 years, Kellgren and Lawrence’s criteria for grades I and II knee osteoarthritis, were recruited in this study using non-probability purposive sampling. The tools used to assess pain and quality of life were the numeric pain rating scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, respectively. The scores were taken at baseline, after the third and sixth weeks. The age-related numerical data was represented in the form of mean and standard deviation. The categorical data was represented in the form of frequency and percentage for categories such as gender. For comparing the outcomes of the different experimental groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. Results: The outcome variables for both groups showed statistically significant improvements over the tenure of 6 weeks. Inter-group analysis for analysed by employing the Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.005). Conclusion: Our current study concluded that both interventions either proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching and isometric exercises both are effective for treating knee osteoarthritis, but proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching tends to show more improvement and more significant results for intensity of pain and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".